Materials produced by centres to support candidates should:
• enable them to track their achievements as they progress through the learning
outcomes and assessment criteria;
• provide information on where ProQual’s policies and procedures can be viewed;
• provide a means of enabling Internal and External Quality Assurance staff to
authenticate evidence
1 Understand the security risks in unknown or hostile environments
1.1 Identify current operational security procedures relating to:
• journey management
• emergency situations
• health and welfare
• information security
1.2 Describe how to react to security incidents
1.3 Identify potential threats to their safety
1.4 Describe the reasons why they may be vulnerable to hostage situations
2 Understand the main types of hostage takers
2.1 Identify the main types of hostage takers
2.2 Describe the reasons why hostage takers might be engaged in hostage taking situations
3 Understand different types of hostage situation
3.1 Describe different methods of hostage taking including:
• barricade
• containment
• human shield
• kidnapping
3.2 Identify the type of hostage taker that is likely to be involved in each method of hostage taking identified
1 Know the different stages associated with a hostage taking incident
1.1 Describe the typical stages of a hostage taking incident
1.2 Explain what is meant by ‘captivity’ in a hostage situation
2 Understand the types of behaviour from captors towards their hostages
2.1 Describe the behaviours that hostages should expect from their captors
2.2 Explain why there are variations in behaviour of individuals held in captivity
3 Understand how individuals react and adapt their behaviour when taking hostage
3.1 Describe the six stages of behavioural reaction and adaptation when a person is held in captivity
3.2 Describe a person’s typical initial reaction to being taken hostage
1 Understand how to survive in a hostile environment or situation
1.1 Describe basic survival skills in a hostile environment/situation, including:
• water collection techniques
• basic navigation
• shelter building
• suitable clothing
• first aid
1.2 Describe basic hostage avoidance tactics
1.3 Explain key behaviours for survival in a hostage situation
2 Understand the changes in a person’s psychological and physiological behaviour when captured and held in captivity
2.1 Describe a person’s physiological and physiological behaviour during the initial phase of being captured in a hostage taking incident
2.2 Describe a person’s physiological and physiological behaviour during the intermediate phase of being captured in a hostage taking incident
2.3 Describe a person’s physiological and physiological behaviour during the long-term phase of being captured in a hostage taking incident
2.4 Explain the Stockholm Syndrome
2.5 Explain the Lima Syndrome
2.6 Describe how hostages can minimise their mental
and physical suffering during captivity
2.7 Describe coping techniques that can help to reduce hostages’ stress levels during captivity
3 Understand the impact on a person’s health and well-being after being rescued from a hostile environment or situation
3.1 Explain the importance of debriefing following rescue from a hostile environment/situation
3.2 Describe typical post-release stress symptoms
3.3 Identify examples of situations when released
hostages should seek assistance with post-release stress
3.4 Describe the impact on long term health of being held in captivity
3.5 Explain recovery processes for released hostages
Candidates must complete the 3 Mandatory Units
Materials produced by centres to support candidates should:
• enable them to track their achievements as they progress through the learning
outcomes and assessment criteria;
• provide information on where ProQual’s policies and procedures can be viewed;
• provide a means of enabling Internal and External Quality Assurance staff to
authenticate evidence
1 Understand the security risks in unknown or hostile environments
1.1 Identify current operational security procedures relating to:
• journey management
• emergency situations
• health and welfare
• information security
1.2 Describe how to react to security incidents
1.3 Identify potential threats to their safety
1.4 Describe the reasons why they may be vulnerable to hostage situations
2 Understand the main types of hostage takers
2.1 Identify the main types of hostage takers
2.2 Describe the reasons why hostage takers might be engaged in hostage taking situations
3 Understand different types of hostage situation
3.1 Describe different methods of hostage taking including:
• barricade
• containment
• human shield
• kidnapping
3.2 Identify the type of hostage taker that is likely to be involved in each method of hostage taking identified
1 Know the different stages associated with a hostage taking incident
1.1 Describe the typical stages of a hostage taking incident
1.2 Explain what is meant by ‘captivity’ in a hostage situation
2 Understand the types of behaviour from captors towards their hostages
2.1 Describe the behaviours that hostages should expect from their captors
2.2 Explain why there are variations in behaviour of individuals held in captivity
3 Understand how individuals react and adapt their behaviour when taking hostage
3.1 Describe the six stages of behavioural reaction and adaptation when a person is held in captivity
3.2 Describe a person’s typical initial reaction to being taken hostage
1 Understand how to survive in a hostile environment or situation
1.1 Describe basic survival skills in a hostile environment/situation, including:
• water collection techniques
• basic navigation
• shelter building
• suitable clothing
• first aid
1.2 Describe basic hostage avoidance tactics
1.3 Explain key behaviours for survival in a hostage situation
2 Understand the changes in a person’s psychological and physiological behaviour when captured and held in captivity
2.1 Describe a person’s physiological and physiological behaviour during the initial phase of being captured in a hostage taking incident
2.2 Describe a person’s physiological and physiological behaviour during the intermediate phase of being captured in a hostage taking incident
2.3 Describe a person’s physiological and physiological behaviour during the long-term phase of being captured in a hostage taking incident
2.4 Explain the Stockholm Syndrome
2.5 Explain the Lima Syndrome
2.6 Describe how hostages can minimise their mental
and physical suffering during captivity
2.7 Describe coping techniques that can help to reduce hostages’ stress levels during captivity
3 Understand the impact on a person’s health and well-being after being rescued from a hostile environment or situation
3.1 Explain the importance of debriefing following rescue from a hostile environment/situation
3.2 Describe typical post-release stress symptoms
3.3 Identify examples of situations when released
hostages should seek assistance with post-release stress
3.4 Describe the impact on long term health of being held in captivity
3.5 Explain recovery processes for released hostages